Class 10 History Ch 3 Extra Questions and Answers - The Making of a Global World
👉 NCERT Solution for Class 10 History Ch 3 - The Making of a Global World
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. What is Globalisation ?
Answer :
Globalisation is the process in which domestic economy of the country is unified or integrated with the world economy by interaction and interdependence.
2. Explain any two invisible changes in Indian economy due to the adoption of Globalisation.
Answer :
- India's share in the world trade of goods and services has increased marginally. But this progress is very low as compared to other developing countries.
- Investment from other countries (F.D.I's.) to produce goods and services in India has increased.
3. How did the silk route help in the spread of religions ?
Answer :
Early Christians missionaries, Muslim Preachers and Buddhist monks travelled the silk route to spread their respective religions in various regions of Asia. In this way the silk route helped in the spread of religions.
4. Why did America's original inhabitants have no immunity against the diseases that came from Europe ?
Answer :
America's original inhabitants had no immunity against the diseases that came from Europe because of their long isolation.
5. Why did thousands of people flee Europe for Americas ?
Answer :
Thousands of people fled Europe for Americas because of the following reasons :
- European cities were overcrowded and deadly diseases were widespread.
- Religious conflicts were common and religious dissenters were persecuted.
6. What steps were taken by the British in West Punjab to meet their food requirements ?
Answer :
- The British Government built a network of irrigation canals to transform demi-desert wastes into fertile agricultural lands that could grow wheat and cotton for export.
- The Canal Colonies were settled by peasants from other parts of Punjab.
7. What was the brighter side of colonialism in the late nineteenth century ?
Answer :
Trade florished and mistakes expanded. Consequently, prosperity increased.
8. With which hope did Europeans come to Africa ?
Answer :
Europeans came to Africa hoping to establish plantations and mines to produce crops and minerals for export to Europe.
9. What changes did the regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Central India and dry districts of Tamil Nadu experience in the mid - nineteenth century ?
Answer :
The regions of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Central India and dry districts of Tamil Nadu experienced the changes of decline in cottage industries, rise in land rents and clearing of lands for mines and plantations.
10. Why did many migrants agree to take up the work of indentured labourers ?
Answer :
Many migrants agreed to take up the work of indentured labourers hoping to escape poverty or oppression in their home villages.
11. Why are there large communities of people of Indian descent in the countries of Caribbean islands, Mauritius, Fiji, Sri Lanka and Malaya ?
Answer :
Most indentured workers stayed on after their contacts ended, or returned to their new homes after a short spell in India. That is why there are large communities of people of Indian descent in these countries.
12. How does a multi - lateral settlement system work ?
Answer :
A multi - lateral settlement system allows one country's deficit with another country to be settled by its surplus with a third country.
13. What did the British so-called home charges include ?
Answer :
The British so-called home charges included private remittances home by British officials and traders, interest payments on India's external debt, and pensions of British officials in India.
14. Between whom was the First World War fought ?
Answer :
The First World War was fought between two power blocs. On the one side were the Allies - Britain, France and Russia (later joined by the US); and on the opposite side were the Central Powers - Germany, Austria - Hungary and Ottoman Turkey.
15. How can you say that the First World War was the first modern industrial war ?
Answer :
The First World War was the first modern industrial war as it saw the use of machine guns, tanks, aircraft, chemical weapons, etc. on a massive scale. These were all increasingly products of modern large - scale industry.
16. Why were industries restructured and societies reorganised during the First World War ?
Answer :
During the First World War, industries were restructured to produce war - related goods and societies were reorganised for war - as men went to battle, women stepped in to undertake jobs that earlier only men were expected to do.
17. Why did workers at the Ford factory quit in large numbers ?
Answer :
Workers at the Ford factory were unable to cope with the stress of working on assembly lines in which they could not control the pace of work. So they quitted in large numbers.
18. Why were the agricultural regions and communities the worst affected by the Great Depression ?
Answer :
Agricultural regions and communities were the worst affected, because the fall in agricultural prices was greater and more prolonger than that in the prices of industrial goods.
19. When did the Second World War break out and between whom ?
Answer :
The Second World War broke out in 1939. It was fought between the Axis powers (mainly Nazi Germany, Japan and Italy) and the Allies (Britain, France and the US).
20. Which two crucial influences shaped post - war reconstruction?
Answer :
- The US's emergence as the dominant economic, political and military power in the Western world.
- The dominance of the Soviet Union.
21. On what was the bretton Woods System based ?
Answer :
The Bretton Woods System was based on fixed exchange rates. In this system, national currencies, for example the Indian rupee, were pegged to the dollor at a fixed exchange rate. The dollor itself was anchored to gold at a fixed price of $35 per ounce of gold.
22. Why did countries like China become attractive destinations for investment by foreign MNCs competing to capture world markets ?
Answer :
Countries like China became attractive destinations for investment by foreign MNCs competing to capture world markets because wages were relatively low in these countries.
23. How small pox became a deadly killer for original inhabitants of America ?
Answer :
Small pox was brought to U.S.A. by Europeans. Original inhabitants had no immunity against small pox because of which it killed hundreds of people. That's why small pox became a deadly killer for original inhabitants of America.
24. Why Europeans went to U.S.A. in Nineteenth century ?
Answer :
Until 19th century, lot of hunger and poverty was there in Europe, population was increasing in cities, deadly diseases were widespread in cities, people were being killed on the name of religion. That's why a number of Europeans went to U.S.A. in Nineteenth century.
25. Give two changes which came with colonisation ?
Answer :
- First change which came with colonisation was increase in investment in foreign countries or in occupied colonies.
- Means of transport were developed to transport things very quickly to other parts of the world.
26. What is Assembly line ?
Answer :
When different parts of the machine are made at different places and then are brought at one place to make or assemble one finished product then this system is known as assembly line.
27. How did the Great depression of 1929 affect the Indian import and export ?
Answer :
From 1929 - 1934 world went through a great depression in economic sector. During these days, India used to import finished products or manufactured goods and used to export raw material or agricultural goods. But due to great depression of 1929, this Indian import and export was halved during the period of 1929 - 1934.
28. Which new inventions has changed the world of 19th century ?
Answer :
In 19th century a number of new inventions or technological changes came into being. But the most important were the inventions of steam engine, telegraph, railway etc. which has changed the world of 19th century.
29. What was the conditions of colonies of Asia and Africa which became independent after Second World War ?
Answer :
Most of the Asian and African countries were the colonies of European countries at the time of Second World War. But when they became free then those countries had a lot of poverty, they lack basic infrastructure, they had resources to develop their land and their economics were crippled with many problems.
👉 Revision Notes for Class 10 History Ch 3 - The Making of a Global World
Short Answer Type Questions
1. How does Globalisation take place ?
Answer :
Globalisation takes place at various levels. This facilitates those who have capital to establish enterprises in India, produce goods for sale within the country or export them. Many producers from outside the country can sell their goods and services in India. India can also produce goods and services and sell them in other countries. Therefore, due to Globalisation unrestricted exchange of capital, technology and experience between countries becomes possible.
2. How has Globalisation affected India ?
Answer :
Globalisation holds that the Indian economy must be closely related to the world economy so that there is largely unrestricted exchange of goods, technology and experience between them and a relatively free flow of capital from developed countries to India. In pursuance of this policy India is affected in the following ways :
- The quantitative restriction has been increasingly done away.
- Rate of import duty has been reduced.
- Restrictions on free flow of foreign private investment have been largely removed or greatly relaxed.
3. What were the consequences of the Great Depression of 1929 ?
Answer :
The Great Depression of 1929 had serious economic, social and political consequences. These consequences are detailed below :
- It affected the economy of almost all the capitalist countries of the world, including the U.S.A.
- It resulted in large scale unemployment. The estimate of unemployed during this period all over the world varied between 50 and 100 millions. In the U.S.A. alone the number of unemployed exceeded 15 millions.
- The economic crisis resulted in loss of production too, as many factories were closed down for want of work and workers were thrown out of employment.
- The economic crisis had serious political consequences, particularly in Italy and Germany where fascism emerged by exploiting the discontent of the people. It led to the victory of the Democratic Party in the U.S.A.
4. Which methods did employers use to recruit and retain indentured labour ?
Or
How Africans were thrown into labour market by Europeans ?
Answer :
Employers used many methods to recruit and retain indentured labour.
- Heavy taxes were imposed which could be paid only by working for wages on plantations and mines.
- Inheritance laws were changed so that peasants were displaced from land : only one member of a family was allowed to inherit land, as a result of which the others were pushed into labour market.
- Mine workers were confined in compounds and not allowed to move about freely.
5. What was the darker side of the process of colonialism ?
Answer :
In many parts of the world, the expansion of tade and a closer relationship with the world economy meant a loss of freedoms and livelihoods. Late nineteenth - century European conquests produced many painful economic, social and ecological changes through which the colonised societies were brought into the world economy.
6. What do you know of the Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattukotai Chettiars ?
Answer :
Shikaripuri Shroffs and Nattukotai Chettiars were amongst the many groups of bankers and traders who financed export agriculture in Central and South - east Asia, using either their own funds or those borrowed from European banks. They had a sophisticated system to transfer money over large distances, and even developed indigenous forms of corporate organisation.
7. Why did the inflow of fine Indian cotton begin to decline ?
Answer :
The inflow of fine Indian cotton began to decline due to the following reasons :
- Fine cottons produced in India were exported to Europe. With industrialisation, British cotton manufacture began to expand, and industrialists pressurised the government to restrict cotton imports and protect local industries. So the government imposed tarrifs on cloth imports into Britain. Consequently, the inflow of fine Indian cotton began to decline.
- British manufacturers began to seek overseas markets for their cloth. Excluded from the British market by tarrif barriers, Indian textiles faced stiff competition in other international markets.
8. How did India play a crucial role in the late nineteenth - century world economy ?
Answer :
Over the nineteenth century, British manufacturers flooded the Indian market. Foodgrain and raw material exports from India to Britain and the rest of the world increased. But the value of British exports to India was much higher than the value of British imports from India. Thus Britain had a 'trade surplus' with India. Britain used this surplus to balance its trade deficits with other countries - that is, with countries from which Britain was importing more than it was selling to. By helping Britain balance its deficits, India played a crucial role in the late nineteenth - century world economy.
9. How did the First World War transform the US from being an international debtor to an international creditor ?
Answer :
The First World War led to the snapping of economic links between some of the world's largest economic powers which were now fighting each other to pay for them. So Britain borrowed large sums of money from US banks as well as the US public. Thus the war transformed the US from being an international debtor to an international creditor. In other words, at the war's end, the US and its citizens owned more oerseas assets than foreign governments and citizens owned in the US.
10. Which two key lessons did economist and politicains draw from inter-war economic experiences ?
Answer :
Economist and politicians drew the following two key lessons from inter-war economic experiences :
- An industrial society based on mass production cannot be sustained without mass consumption. But to ensure mass consumption, there was a need for high and stable incomes. Incomes could not be stable if employment was unstable. Thus stable incomes also required stady, full employment. But markets alone could not guarantee full employment. Therefore, governments would have to step in to minimise fluctuations of price, output and employment. Economic stability could be ensured only through the intervention of the government.
- The second lesson was related to a country's economic links with the outside world. The goal of full employment could only be achieved if governments had power to control flows of goods, capital and labour.
11. What are MNCs ?
Answer :
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) are large companies that operate in several countries at the same time. The first MNCs were established in the 1920s. Many more came up in the 1950s and 1960s as US businesses expanded worldwide and Western Europe and Japan also recovered to become powerful industrial economics. The worldwide spread of MNCs was a notable feature of the 1950s and 1960s. This was partly because high import tariffs imposed by different governments forced MNCs to locate their manufacturing operations and become 'domestic producers' in as many countries as possible.
12. What were Silk routes and how they were important ?
Answer :
Silk routes were the main cultural links between distant parts of the world. The name Silk routes tells the importance of west bound Chinese silk cargoes along this route. Many historians have indentified many silk routes over land and by sea, joining vast regions of Asia and with Europe and northern Africa. They were existed even before christian era and remained till 15th centures. These routes were very important because Chinese pottery, Indian textiles and spices used to send to European countries. In return precious metals i.e. gold and silver flowed from Europe to Asia. They were also important for cultural exchange of different countries.
13. Why the demand of foodgrains was increased in England in 19th century ?
Answer :
- From late 18th century, population of England grew rapidly and demand for foodgrains was increased.
- Urban centres expanded and industries grew in the country because of which demand for agricultural products went up and prices of foodgrains also went up.
- In late 18th century and in 19th century, Industrial revolution came in the Europe especially in England. That's why demand for agricultural and industrial products was increased.
- Brtish agriculture was unable to compete with cheap imported foodgrains. That's why food prices fell and consumption in Britain rose.
14. Give three reasons for European attraction towards African countries in 19th century ?
Answer :
- In late 18th and 19th century, Industrial revolution came in Europe and a lot of raw material and minerals were required for the industries of Europe. That's why European countries were attracted towards those countries where these were available abundantly. These were available abundantly in Africa.
- Large labour force was easily available in African countries and it was available at cheap rates. That's why Europeans were attracted towards Africa.
- With industrial revolution lot of money was accumulated in Europe. They started to invest this money in making colonies in different parts of the world. African countries were very weak, that's why Europeans were attracted towards them.
- African countries were proved good markets for manufactured products of Europe.
15. Why export of Indian textiles was declined ?
Answer :
- Industrial revolution came in Europe and they themselves started to produce a lot of textile things. That's why export of Indian textile was declined.
- Textile things made in industries of Europe were very cheap and good in quality as compared to Indian textiles. That's why also export of Indian textiles was declined.
- European countries imposed heavy taxes on Indian goods of textiles so that they could become more expensive. Slowly and slowly their sale was decreased and export was also declined.
16. What was the darker side of expanding international trade and globalization in late 19th century ?
Answer :
- In late 19th century, not only trade was expanded and prosperity was increased but loss of freedom and livelihoods was also there. European countries won many countries of the world and made them colonies. These colonies suffered a lot from the hands of imperialist powers.
- In the later part of 19th century, most of the European powers sat at one table and divided whole of Africa. Then they won over those countries.
- With the expand of international trade and globalization, new imperialists powers also came forward. Belgium, Germany, U.S.A. etc. were the main new colonial powers.
17. Which type of destruction took place during the Second World War from the point of view of wealth and human lives ?
Answer :
- It has been believed that around 60 million people were died, directly or indirectly, due to the war and millions were injured in the war.
- If 60 million people were died in this war then most of the people died away from the battlefield. More civilians were died in the war as compared to Soldiers.
- This war has caused a lot of destruction of world's economy as well as economies of different countries. Countries like U.K. were on the verge of bankruptcy. Reconstruction of the world promised to be long and expensive.
- Most of the European countries and many Asian countries were destroyed by war and aerial bombardment.
18. Analyse the three measures adopted by the producers in India to expand the market for their goods in the 19th century.
Answer :
- Producers in India used the method of advertisement through newspaper, hoardings etc. to expand the market for their goods.
- They also used the method of labelling to expand their market. Industrialists started to sell their goods in India by putting labels on their goods.
- Producers also used calenders to popularize their goods. Calenders are even used by illiterate people. They can see the goods on calenders and can purchase them.
19. Explain three major features of global agricultural economy that had taken shape towards the close of the 19th century.
Answer :
- Food and other agricultural products started to be transported through railway and ships to far off places so that more and more profit could be earned.
- Fine quality of cotton started flow towards Britain all over the world so that the textile mills of England could be fed.
- Now agricultural products remains no longer only for the use of cultivator. Now agricultural products started to cross the boarders of countries.
20. Thebeginning of the 19th century saw decline of Indian textile industries." Justify the statement with three valid arguments.
Answer :
- Cotton industries started to develop in India. They saw Indian textile goods as a threat to their development. They pressurised the government and government imposed import duty on textile things so that goods made in Britain could be sold without competition.
- Industrialists also asked East India Company to sell things made in U.K. in Indian markets. These things were very cheap and good in quality. That's why Indian textile industry was declined.
- By 1860, raw cotton came in shortage and needs of cotton textile industry could not be met. This shortage led to decline of Indian textile industry.
21. "The indentured labour gave rise to a new culture in the Caribbeans." Justify the statement with three examples.
Answer :
- In Trinidad, the annual Muharram procession was transformed into a riotous carnival called Hosay in which worlers of all races and religious joined.
- In the same way, the protest religion of Rasta farianism (made famous by the Jamaican reggae star Bob Marley) is also said to reflect social and cultural links with Indian migrants to the Caribbean.
- Chutney music, in Triniad and Guyana, is another creative contemporary expression of the post - indenture experience.
👉 CBSE study material for Class 10
Long Answer Type Questions
👉 NCERT Solution for Class 10 Hindi
1. Discuss the emergence and development of Multinational Corporations.
Answer :
Emergence of Multinational Corporations - Large business organisations are not a new phenomenon. Even during the eighteenth century such organisations were in existence. One may easily recall the example of the British East India Company. Likewise, there were many other such companies. But the multinational companies did not emerge out of these companies. These companies brought the Industrial Revolution. The small industrial firms were established, the demand for commodities increased and the expansion of the scale of production was felt. As a result, large firms came into being which could feed the demands of the world. With the formation of the large scale industries, problems of management and administration arose. The firms or companies were split into various divisions or departments, ranging from finance, personnel, purchasing, marketing and engineering to handle labour, manufacturing, relations with the govt., etc. Among the companies there has been a hard competition for survival and growth. A central office came into being to co-ordinate and direct various activities of different branches located in the country and abroad. Therefore, it is obvious that these corporations emerged out of the small scale industries organised by the capitalist class.
Development of Multinational Corporations - Through the MNCs started in every industrial country, yet the most powerful are those originated in the USA. Multinationalisation of large US monopoly firms started around the begining of the 20th century when the export of capital was undertaken on a large scale. The 1920s was a lucky decade for it. During the 1950s and 1960s, foreign investments of American firms increased at 10 percent per annum. Thus the economic power of the MNCs has increased their income. To give an example, take the sales of General Motors. The sales of this company were equal to the GNP of developing countries of Africa (excluding Algeria, Libya and Morocco).
Obviously, the MNCs appear as one of the distinctive features of the present - day word capitalist system. They control more than one - third of the GNP of the entire capitalist world and more than 50 per cent of its foreign trade, besides four - fifths of the exchange of technological know - how.
2. Describe the role of Multinational Corporations in the economic life of developing countries.
Answer :
Multinational corporations are those corporations whose activities include more than one country. With the strength of their monopoly capitalism they play important roles in the economic life of various countries. But the developing countries do not have happy experience with these corporations. Following are the reasons for this :
- These corporations are there only to serve their own interest in the developing countries.
- They never set up basic and heavy industries in developing countries, nor do they establish the complete line of production in order to ward off the danger of nationalisation.
- They do not generally carry our R and D activities in developing countries and they keep their host countries in most cases depended on important obsolete and discarded technologies.
In the recent years only the MNC activities received a big boost. There are two main reasons for this :
- The sharp decline in concessional loans and official development assistance, necessitating the inflow of direct foreign private investments in the developing countries.
- The establishment of Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency to ensure the investors against the risks.
3. What were the consequences of Great depression of 1929 or Economic crisis of 1929 - 34 ?
Answer :
The Great depression of 1929 had serious social, economic and political consequences on Europe, U.S.A. and other parts of the world and these consequences are given below :
- It affected the economy of almost all the capitalist countries including the U.S.A. and the European countries.
- It resulted in large scale unemployment. The estimate of unemployed during this period all over the world varied between 50 and 100 millions. In the U.S.A. alone the number of unemployed exceeded 15 millions.
- The economic crisis resulted in loss of production too, as many factories closed down for want of work and workers were thrown out of employment.
- Poverty was increased in the world due to this depression. People were thrown out of their employment resulted in the form of increase in poverty and hunger.
- Due to unemployment and poverty, living standard of the people fell down. Agricultural and industrial production fell down very quickly.
- Many new political changes came in the world. Nazism and Fascim rose in Germany and Italy respectively. In the same way new parties came into power in different countries of the world.
4. How did the first world war affect the economy and general life of the world ?
Answer :
The first world war started in 1914 A.D. and it lasts till 1918 A.D. It was fought between industrial countries of the world. This war has greatly affected the economy and general life of the world in following ways :
- This was the first war in the human history which has proved so destructive that lakhs of people were killed. It has been believed that around 9 million people were killed and around 20 million people were wounded. People, who suffered most in the war, were the work force which has brought to Europe from different countries.
- Most of the work force was of Europe and was either killed, disabled or wounded in the first world war. This led to the downfall of agricultural and industrial production. This had led to economic depression of 1929 after 11 years.
- This war proved very costly for the economy of the world as well as of different countries. Many industrial countries were crippled economically and they had to borrow money from U.S.A. and U.S.A. emerged as one of the most powerful creditor and power of the world.
- It has been estimated that the total expenses of war was around 200 million pounds. This much of expense proved very costly for various countries of the world. A number of cities, agricultural farms, industries were ruined due to war which led to loss of employment and increase of hunger. This war led to destruction of trade.
- The roots of Second World War were sowed after First World War. Loosing countries were forced to compensate for the war because of which Nazism came into being in Germany. Italy was not given enough share from the compensation of the war which has led to rise of Fascism in Italt.