CBSE Class 10 Histroy Chapter 5 Extra Questions - Print Culture and the Modern World. Here, we have given NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 5 Print Culture and the Modern World.
👉 NCERT Solution for Class 10 History Ch 5 - Print Culture and the Modern World
👉 Revision Notes for Class 10 Ch 5 History - Print Culture and the Modern World
Print Culture and the Modern World Extra Questions with Answers
👉 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for History Class 10 Ch 5 - Print Culture and the Modern World
Very Short Answer Type Questions
1. Give evidence of print that we find around us.
Answer :
- Books
- Journals
- Newspapers
- Prints of famous paintings
- Everyday things like theatre programmes, officials circulars, calendars, diaries, advertisements and cinema posters at street corners.
2. Why was the traditional Chinese 'accordion book' folded and stitched at the side ?
Answer :
As both sides of the thin, porous sheet could not be printed, the traditional Chinese 'accordion book' was folded and stitched at the side.
3. What do you know about the Buddhist Diamond Sutra ?
Answer :
The Buddhist Diamond Sutra is the oldest Japanese book. It was printed in 868 A.D. It contains six sheets of text and woodcut illustrations.
4. What was Penny Magazine ?
Answer :
Penny Magazine was published between 1832 and 1835 in England by the Society for the Diffusion of Useful knowledge. It was aimed primarily at the working class.
5. Who was Hafiz ?
Answer :
Hafiz was a fourteenth - century poet. His collected works are known as Diwan.
6. Over which matters were there intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy in the early nineteenth century ?
Answer :
In the early nineteenth century, there were intense controversies between social and religious reformers and the Hindu orthodoxy over matters like widow immolation, monotheism, Brahmanical priesthood and idolatry.
7. Which new literary forms emerged in the nineteenth century ?
Answer :
New literary forms that emerged in the nineteenth century were novels, lyrics, short stories, and essays about social and political matters.
8. With what did the poor decorate the walls of their homes or places of work ?
Answer :
The poor decorated the walls of their homes or places of work with cheap prints and calendars, easily available in the bazaar.
9. Why were caricatures and cartoons being published in journals and newspapers by the 1870s ?
Answer :
Caricatures and cartoons were being published in journals and newspapers by the 1870s to comment on social and political issues.
10. What was the Indian Charivari ?
Answer :
The Indian Charivari was one of the many journals of caricature and satire published in the late nineteenth century.
11. What do you know about Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein ?
Answer :
Begum Rokeya Sakhawat Hossein was a noted educationist and literary figure. In 1926, she strongly condemned men for withholding education from women in the name of religion.
12. Who took hand printing from China to Japan ?
Answer :
Around 770 A.D., hand printing was taken to Japan from China by the Buddhist missionaries.
13. Give two demerits of copying of manuscripts.
Answer :
- Copying of manuscripts was very expensive and time consuming work because it needs a lot of time to copy anything.
- Copying of manuscripts needs a lot of labour by the person who is copying the manuscript.
14. How printing press became useful ?
Answer :
Printing press started to print books very quickly. That's why it started to save a lot of money and time. Moreover availability of large number of books created new culture of reading among the people.
15. Which two innovations came in the field of printing technology in 19th century ?
Answer :
- By the mid 19th century, Richard M.Hoe of New York had perfected the cylindrical press which was driven by power. It had the capacity of printing 8,000 sheets in an hour.
- In the 19th century, the offset press was developed which could print up to six colours at a time.
Answer :
In 20th century, press operated by electricity accelerated printing opeartions. Methods of feeding paper improved, the quality of plates became better, automatic paper reels and photoelectric control of colour register were introduced.
17. Who invented printing press in modern Europe and name the first printed book in Europe ?
Answer :
Gutenberg invented printing press in modern Europe and the first printed book in Europe was The Gutenberg Bible.
18. Name the first Asian writer who won Nobel Prize fir literature.
Answer :
Rabindra Nath Tagore was the first Asian writer who won Nobel prize for literature. He won this prize for his book called 'Gitanjali' in 1913.
19. Why mass literacy of workers in Europe was started in 19th century ?
Answer :
From 17th century onwards lending libraries existed in Europe. But in 19th century, these lending libraries became responsible in educating people of lower middle class, white collar workers, artisans etc. That's why mass literacy of workers in Europe was started in Europe.
20. Why literacy rate among women was increased in Europe of 19th century ?
Answer :
Literacy rate among women was increased in Europe of 19th century because women writers started to write and women started to read those writings. Penny magazines were introduced for women which were manual teachings of proper behaviour and housekeeping. When novels were introduced in 19th century then women became very important readers of those novels.
21. Which is the oldest book of Japan ?
Answer :
Buddhist Diamond Sutra is the oldest book of Japan.
22. Who was the writer of 'Debganer Marteye Agaman' ?
Answer :
Durgacharan Ray was the writer of 'Debganer Marteye Agaman'.
23. How many characters of the Roman alphabet were developed for mental types of Gutenberg ?
Answer :
Gutenberg developed metal types for each of the 26 characters of the Roman alphabet.
👉 CBSE Study Materials for Class 10
Short Answer Type Questions
👉 NCERT Solution for Class 10 Hindi
1. Why was the imperial state in China, for a long time, the major producer of printed material ?
Answer :
The imperial state in China was, for a very long time, the major producer of printed material because China possessed a huge bureaucratic system. This system recruited its personnel through civil service examinations. Textbooks for this examination were printed in vast numbers under the sponsorship of the imperial state. From the sixteenth century, the number of examination candidates went up and that increased volume of print.
2. How were the uses of print diversified in China by the seventeenth century ?
Answer :
By the seventeenth century urban culture bloomed in China. It diversified the uses of print. Print was no longer used just by scholar - officials. Merchants used print in their everyday life, as they collected trade information. Reading increasingly became a leisure activity. The new readership preferred fictional narratives, poetry, autobiographies, anthologies of literary masterpieces, and romantic plays. Rich women began to read, and many women began publishing their poetry and plays. Wives of scholar - officials published their works and courtesans wrote about their lives.
3. Write a brief note on Kitagawa Utamaro's contributions to art.
Answer :
Kitagawa Utamaro was born in Edo in 1753. He was widely known for his contributions to an art form called ukiyo (pictures of the floating world) or depiction of ordinary human experiences, especially urban ones. These prints travelled to contemporary US and Europe and influenced artists like Manet, Monet and Van Gogh. Publishers like Tsutaya, Juzaburo identified subjects and commissioned artists who drew the theme in outline. Then a skilled woodblock carver pasted the drawing on a woodblock and carved a printing block to reproduce the painter's lines. In the process, the original drawing would be destroyed and only prints would survive.
4. How did booksellers all over Europe meet an ever - increasing demand for books ?
Answer :
As the demand for books increased, booksellers all over Europe began exporting books to many different countries. Book fairs were held at different places. Production of handwritten manuscripts was also organised in new ways to meet the expanded demand. Scribes or skilled handwriters were employed increasingly by booksellers. More than 50 scribes often worked for one bookseller.
5. What do you know about Gutenberg ?
Answer :
Gutenberg was born in Germany. He was the son of a merchant and grew up on a large agricultural estate. From his childhood he had seen wine and olive presses. Subsequently, he lerant the art of polishing stones. He became a master goldsmith and also acquired the expertise to create lead moulds used for making trinkets. Drawing on this knowledge, Gutenberg adapted existing technology to design his innovation. The olive press provided the model for the printing press and moulds were used for casting the metal types for the letters of the alphabet. By 1448, Gutenberg perfected the system.
6. How were printed books at first closely resembled the written manuscripts ?
Answer :
Printed books at first closely resembled the written manuscripts in appearance and layout. The metal letters imitated the ornamental handwritten styles. Boarders were illuminated by hand with foliage and other patterns, and illustrations were painted. In the books printed for the rich, space for decoration was kept blank on the printed page. Each purchaser could choose the design and decide on the painting school that would do the illustrations.
7. Write a short note on Gutenberg's Bible.
Answer :
Gutenberg's Bible was the first printed book in Europe. Gutenberg printed about 180 copies of it. The pages of the Bible carefully were not just products of new technology. The text was printed in the new Gutenberg press with metal type, but the boarders were carefully designed, painted and illuminated by hand by artists. No two copies were the same. Every page of each copy was different. Even when two copies looked similar, a careful comparison revealed differences. Elites everywhere preferred this lack of uniformity : what they possessed then could be claimed as unique, for no one else owned a copy that was exactly the same.
In the text colour was used within the letters in various places. This had two functions : it added colour to the page, and highlighted all the holy words to emphasise their significance. But the colour on every page of the text was added by hand. Gutenberg printed the text in black, leaving spaces where the colour could be filled in later.
8. What did publishers do to persuade people to welcome the printed book in the nineteenth century ?
Answer :
In the nineteenth century, the rates of literary in most European countries were very low, so books could be read only by the literates. To persuade the common people to welcome the printed book, publishers had to keep in mind the wider reach of the printed work : even those who did not read could certainly enjoy listening to books being read out. So they began publishing popular ballads and folk tales, and such books would be profousely illustated with pictures. These were then sung and recited at gatherings in villages and in villages and in taverns in towns.
9. Which new forms of popular literature appeared in print in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries ? How were these popularised ?
Answer :
Almanacs or ritual calendars, penny chapbooks, Bilotheque Bleue and the romances were new forms of popular literature appeared in print in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. These were little books of various sizes and served many different purposes and interests. Booksellers employed padlars who roamed around villages, carrying these little books for sale. There were almancs or ritual calendars, along with ballads and folktales. But other forms of reading matter, largely for entertainment, began to reach ordinary readers as well. In England, penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as chapmen, and sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them. In France, there were the 'Bilotheque Bleue'. These were low priced small books printed on poor quality paper, and bound cheap blue covers. Then there were the romances, printed on four to six pages, and the more substantial 'histories' which were stories about the past.
10. Which were the various innovations and developments made in printing technology from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century ?
Answer :
The various innovations and developments which were made in printing technology from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century were as follows :
- By the late eighteenth century, the press came to be made out of metal.
- By the mid-nineteenth century, Richard M. Hoe of New York had perfected the power - driven cylindrical press. This was capable of printing 8,000 sheets per hour. This press was particularly useful for printing newspapers.
- In the late nineteenth century, the offset press was developed which could print upto six colours at a time.
- From the turn of twentienth century, electrically operated presses accelerated printing operations.
- Methods of feedings paper improved, the quality of plates became better, automatic paper reels and photoelectric controls of the colour register were introduced. The accumulation of several individual mechanical improvements transformed the appearances of printed texts.
11. Which new strategies did printers and publishers develop to sell their product ?
Answer :
Printers and publishers continuously developed new strategies to sell their product. Nineteenth-century periodicals serialised important novels, which gave birth to a particular way of writing novels. In the 1920s in England, popular works were sold in cheap series, called the Shilling Series. The dust cover or the book jacket is also a twentienth-century innovation. With the onset of the Great Depression in the 1930s, publishers feared a decline in book purchases. To sustain buying, they brought out cheap paperback editions.
12. Describe manuscripts before the age of print.
Answer :
Manuscripts were handwritten and were copied on palm leaves or on hand made paper. Pages were sometimes beautifully illustrated. They would be either pressed between wooden covers or sewn together to ensure preservation. Manuscripts continued to be produced till well after the introduction of print, down to the late nineteenth century.
Manuscripts, however, were higly expensive and fragile. They had to be handled carefully, and they could not be read easily as the script was written in different styles. So manuscripts were not widely used in everyday life.
13. How did new ideas about religion emerge in the nineteenth century ?
Answer :
From the early nineteenth century, there were intense debates about religious issues. Different groups confronted the changes happening within colonial society in different ways, and offered a variety of new interpretations of the beliefs of different religions. Some criticised existing practices and campaigned for reform, while others countered the arguments of reformers. These debates were carried out in public and in print. Printed tracts and newspapers spread the new ideas as well as shaped the nature of the debate. A wide public could now participate in these public discussions and express their views. New ideas emerged through these clashes of opinions.
14. What did the ulama in north India do to counter conversion and change in the Muslim personal laws by colonial rulers ?
Answer :
In north India, the ulama feared that colonial rulers would encourage conversion and change the Muslim personal laws. To counter this, they used cheap lithographic presses, published Persian and Urdu translation of holy scriptures, and printed religious newspapers and tracts. The Deoband Seminary, founded in 1867, published thousands upon thousands of fatwas telling Muslim readers how to conduct themselves in their everyday lives, and explaining the meanings of Islamic doctrines. All through the nineteenth century, a number of Muslim sects and seminaries appeared, each with a different interpretation of faith, each keen on enlarging its following and countering the influence of its opponents. Urdu print helped them conduct these battles in public.
15. How did print encourage the reading of religious text among Hindus ?
Answer :
Among Hindus, print encouraged the reading of religious texts, especially in the vernacular languages. The first printed edition of the Ramcharitmanas of Tulsidas, a sixteenth - century text, came out from Calcutta in 1810. By the mid - nineteenth century, cheap lithographic editions flooded north Indian markets. From the 1880s, the Naval Kishore Press at Lucknow and the Shri Venkateshwar Press in Bomaby published numerous religious texts in vernaculars. In their printed and portable form, these could be read easily by the faithful at any place and time. They could also be read out to large groups of illiterate men and women.
16. Explain how printing created an appetite for new kinds of writing in India.
Answer :
Undoubtedly, printing created an appetite for new kinds of writing in India. As more and more people could now read, they wanted to see their own lives, experiences, emotions and relationships reflected in what they read. The novel, a literary form which had developed in Europe, ideally catered to this need. It soon acquired distictively Indian forms and styles. For readers, it opened up new worlds of experience, and gave a vivid sense of the diversity of human lives.
Other new literary forms also entered the world of reading. These were lyrics, short stories, essays about social and political matters. In different ways, they reinforced the new emphasis on human lives and intimate feelings, about the political and social rules that shaped such things.
17. How print culture was responsible in creating conditions for French Revolution ?
Answer :
Print culture was very much responsible in creating conditions for French Revolution. Print culture popularised the ideas of enlightened thinkers who gave critical commentary on traditions, superstitions and despotism. They argued for the rule of reason instead by custom. Print also created a new culture of dialogue and debate. Writings of thinkers like Voltaire, Rousseau etc. created consciousness among the people that ruler is despotic and rule of people should come instead of rule of monarchy. People came to know about the idea of liberty, equality and fraternity after reading books and it became main slogan of French Revolution. In this way print culture created conditions for French Revolution.
18. Which restrictions were imposed on Indian Press after the passing of Vernacular Press Act ?
Answer :
Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 on the lines of Irish Press Laws. With this Act, Government got extensive rights to censor editorials and reports in the vernacular press. After this government kept regular check on the vernacular newspapers which were used to publish in different parts of the country. When any report was judged against the government then the newspaper was warned. If the warning was ignored by the press then it was liable to be seized and the printing machinery confiscated.
19. 'With the printing press, a new reading public emerged'. Comment on the statement.
Answer :
Yes, it is right that new reading public emerged with the invention of printing press. Before printing press, very few copies of books were available because they were hand written and it was not possible to copy books in bulk. With the invention of modern printing reduced the cost of books and even poor people were in a position to purchase the books. Printing press started to produce multiple copies with greater ease. People got access to books which created a new culture of reading. In this way we can say that invention of printing press, new public was emerged which wanted to read the books.
20. How press played an important role in spreading nationalism in India in later part of the 19th century ?
Answer :
Press was the main instrument in awakening the senses of patriotism and nationalism among the masses. A number of Indian newspapers were started in India which constantly criticised the policies of government. Press also asked the people to unite against the colonial rule and fight to get Swaraj or their own rule. Press also helped the nationalist workers, spread across the country, to share their views and help the people to awaken their senses of nationalism. It also advocated the ideas of democracy, self governance etc. In this way press played an important role in spreading nationalism in India in later part of the 19th century.
👉 NCERT Solution for Class 10 Social Science
Long Answer Type Questions
👉 Revision Notes for Class 10 Social Science
1. Why do some historians think that print culture created the basis for the French Revolution ? What is your view - point about such thinking ?
Answer :
Some historians argue that print culture created the conditions within which the French Revolution occured. They give the following arguments in support of their view - point :
- Print popularised the ideas of the Enlightenment thinkers. Collectively, their writings provided a critical commentary on tradition, superstitions and despotism. They argued for the rule of reason rather than custom, and demanded that everything be judged through the application of reason and rationality. They attacked the sacred authority of the Church and the despotic power of the state, thus eroding the legitimacy of a social order based on tradition. The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau were read widely; and those who read these books saw the world through new eyes, eyes that were questioning, critical and rational.
- Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate. All values, norms and institutions were re-evaluated and discussed by a public that had become aware of the power of reason, and recognised the need to question existing ideas and beliefs. Within this public culture, new ideas of social revolution came into being.
- By the 1780s there was an outpouring of literature that mocked the royalty and criticised their morality. In the process, it raised questions about the existing social order. Cartoons and caricatures typically suggested that the monarchy remained absorbed only in sensual pleasures while the common people suffered immense hardships. This literature circulated underground and led to the growth of the hostile sentiments against the monarchy.
Our View-point : There can be no doubt that print helped the spread of ideas. But we must remember that people did not read just one kind of literature. If they read the ideas of Voltaire and Rousseau, they were also exposed to monarchical and Church propaganda. They were not influenced directly by everything they read or saw. They accepted some ideas and rejected others. They interpreted things their own way. Print did not directly shape their minds, but it did open up the possibility of thinking differently.
2. "The nineteenth century saw vast leaps in mass literacy in Europe, bringing in large numbers of new readers among children, women and workers".
Answer :
As primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century, children became an important category of readers. Production of school textbooks became critical for the publishing industry. A children's press, devoted to literature for children alone, was set up in France in 1857. This press published new works as well as old fairy tales and folk tales. The Grimm Brothers in Germany spent years compiling traditional folk tales gathered from peasants. What they collected was edited before the stories were published in a collection in 1812. Anything that was considered unsuitable for children or would appear vulgar to the elites, was not included in the published version. Rural folk tales thus acquired a new form. In this way, print recorded old tales but also changed them.
Women became important as readers as well as writers. Penny magazines were especially meant for women, as were manuals teaching proper behaviour and housekeeping. When novels began to be written in the nineteenth century , women were seen as important readers. Some of the best - known novelists were women : Jane Austen, the Bronte Sisters, Georage Eliot. Their writings became important in defining a new type of woman : a person with will, strength of personality, determination and the power to think.
Lending libraries had been existence from the seventeenth century onwards. In the nineteenth century, lending libraries in England became instruments for educating white - collar workers, artisans and lower - middle - class people. Sometimes, self - educated working class people wrote fot themselves. After the working day was gradually shortened from the mid - nineteenth century, workers had some time for self - improvement and self - expression. They wrote political tracts and autobiographies in large numbers.