Articles for Class 10 English Grammar

 Articles | English Grammar | Class 10

अंग्रेजी भाषा में a, an तथा the को Articles कहा जाता है। 

A तथा An को Indefinite Articles कहा जाता है। 

The को Definite Article कहा जाता है। 

(1) An का प्रयोग किसी स्वर (Vowel : a, e, i, o, u) से पूर्व अथवा silent h से पूर्व किया जाता है ; जैसे - 

An apple; an egg; an inkpot, an ox; an umbrella; An honest man; an M.A.; etc.

(2) A  का प्रयोग किसी व्यंजन (consonant) से पूर्व किया जाता है। ऐसे स्वर जिनका उच्चारण किसी व्यंजन की भांति किया जाए , उनसे पूर्व भी a का ही प्रयोग किया जाता है ; जैसे -

A kite; a cart; a monkey; a unit; a useful thing; a one-eyed man; a European country; etc.

(3) साधारण रूप से नियम यह है कि यदि कोई Common Noun एकवचन में हो , तो उससे पूर्व किसी न किसी Article का प्रयोग किया जाना चाहिए ; जैसे -

• I saw dog in street. (यह वाक्य अशुद्ध है। )
• I saw a dog in the street. (यह वाक्य शुद्ध है )
• I saw the dog in a street. (यह वाक्य भी शुद्ध है। )

(4) The का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किया जाता है :

• किसी विशेष व्यक्ति अथवा पदार्थ का वर्णन करने के लिए। (He is the man who beat me.)
• नदियों के नामों के साथ। (The Ganga; the Yamuna.)
• पर्वत - श्रृंखलाओं के नामों के साथ। (The Himalayas; the Vindhyas.)
• समुद्रों के नामों के साथ। (The Indian Ocean; the Arabian Sea.)
• प्रसिद्द पुस्तकों के नामों के साथ। (The Gita; the Quran)
• प्रकृति की अद्वितीय रचनाओं के साथ। (The sun; the moon; the earth)
• Superlative Degree के साथ। (The best; the noblest; the youngest.)
• किसी जाति अथवा वर्ग के नाम के साथ। (The English; the Indians; the French.)
• उस विशेषण से पूर्व , जिसके साथ लगने वाली संज्ञा understood हो। (The rich should help the poor)
• निम्नलिखित प्रकार के मुहावरों के साथ। (The higher, the better)

(5) The का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में प्रायः नहीं किया जाता है :

• किसी नगर , शहर या गाँव के नाम से पूर्व। 
• किसी देश के नाम से पूर्व। 
• किसी महाद्वीप के नाम से पूर्व। 
• किसी अकेले द्वीप के नाम से पूर्व। 
• किसी झील के नाम से पूर्व। 
• किसी अकेली पहाड़ी के नाम से पूर्व। 
• किसी व्यक्तिवाचक (Proper) अथवा भाववाचक (Abstract) संज्ञा के  साथ। 

(6) निम्नलिखित स्थितियों में किसी भी Article का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है :

• किसी नामलेख (title) के साथ। (Queen Victoria; King George.)
• किसी सकर्मक (Transitive) क्रिया वाले मुहावरे में Verb के बाद लगे हुए Object के साथ। (Send word; shake hands; catch fire.)
• किसी मुहावरे में Preposition के बाद लगी हुई संज्ञा के साथ। (By hand; at sea; by night.)
• विशालतम अर्थ में प्रयोग की गई किसी संज्ञा के साथ। (Man is mortal)
• द्रव्यवाचक संज्ञा (material noun) के साथ। (Iron is a very useful metal.)

Exercise For Practice

Fill in the blanks with suitable articles :

Type - I

1. I heard .......... loud noise in ........... next house.
2. Ink is ............. useful article.
3. His brother is .............. university professor.
4. Yesterday, I saw .............. European riding on ........... elephant.
5. He gave me .............. one - rupee note.
6. Have you read ............... Ramayana ?
7. He was struck by ............. arrow.
8. ............ Ganga is .............. scared river.
9. He drives ............ motor car at ............... uniform speed.
10. He is .............. taller of ............ two boys.
11. ............. Taj Mahal is .......... most beautiful building.
12. ............ Bible is ............... sacred book of .............. Christians.
13. ............ ewe is standing in ............ field.
14. He was ............. African by birth, not ............... European.
15. It was ............... unique sight.

Type - II

1. I read ........... Gita every day.
2. The camel is ........... ship of the desert.
3. The higher you go, ............. cooler it is.
4. He is ........... insult to his family.
5. She is ............. honest lady.
6. He is ............... best boy in the class.
7. Bananas are sold by .............. dozen.
8. Keep to .......... left.
9. .......... moon is a satellite of the earth.
10. He is ........... one - eyed man.
11. He can read .......... vedas.
12. She is .......... untidy girl.
13. ........... sun shines brightly.
14. Life is not ........... bed of roses.
15. .......... higher you climb, .............. colder it becomes.

Type - III

1. In .......... park, I saw ........... one - eyed beggar.
2. Ludhiana is ............. Manchester of India.
3. Help .......... poor and .......... needy.
4. ............ owl cannot see during daytime.
5. He became .......... good doctor.
6. Mangoes are sold by ........... kilo.
7. Everest is .......... highest mountain peak in ........... world.
8. I caught him by ......... ear.
9. Do not make ........... noise.
10. The more, ............ merrier.
11. Ram is ............ one - eyed person.
12. .......... Quran is ........ sacred book of muslims.
13. We started late in ............ afternoon.
14. ........... rose smells sweet.
15. He reads ........... Bible every day.

Type - IV

1. Kalidas is ......... Shakespeare of India.
2. Mr Sethi is .............lawyer.
3. ............ governor promised to put ............. end to corruption.
4. According to ........... Bible, God made .......... world in six days.
5. He can make ........... payment in cash or by cheque.
6. ........... persons with low thinking are hated by ............. people.
7. ........... higher you go ............ cooler it becomes.
8. Slow and steady wins .......... race.
9. He is ............. intelligent person.
10. ............. doctor is respected in society.
11. Honest man speak ............ truth.
12. Who is ........... editor of ............ Tribune ?
13. She had ........... inkpot in ........ bag.
14. ........... hand that rocks ............ cradle, rules ............ world.
15. Please give him ............ orange.

Type - V

1. His father is ........... S.D.O.
2. I bought ........... book yesterday.
3. Birds of ........... feather flock together.
4. He has too high .......... opinion about himself.
5. She is ............ M.A.
6. The boy saw ............ tiger yesterday.
7. The peon is ringing .......... bell.
8. The child saw ............ elephant.
9. He met with ............ accident.
10. ........... little knowledge is ............ dangerous thing.
11. We had been waiting for the Minister for .............. hour.
12. Crime is on .............. increase.
13. Yesterday, I met ............. European.
14. ............ honest man is respected everywhere.
15. The students stood up when ................ teacher came.