Water Resources Class 10 Extra Questions Geography Chapter 3
👉 NCERT Solution for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 - Water Resources
Very Short Answer Type Questions based on Water - A Resource And Water Scarcity
1. What type of resource is water ?
Answer :
A renewable resource.
2. For what purpose do we use water in daily life ?
Answer :
To drink, to cook our food, wash our clothes and wash ourselves.
3. Why do factories need water ?
Answer :
For cooling the machines & To generate hydel power.
4. Where did early men settled ?
Answer :
Near water courses, springs, lakes, ponds and oasis.
5. How much part of the earth is covered with water ?
Answer :
71%
6. By 2025, how many people will live in water scarcity ?
Answer :
2 Billion.
7. How much of total volume of world's water exists as oceans ?
Answer :
96.5%
8. How much of total water is fresh water ?
Answer :
2.5%
9. What are the two main sources of fresh water ?
Answer :
Ice sheets and glaciers is Antarctica and Greenland mountain.
10. How much precipitation of world is recovered by India ?
Answer :
4% of global precipitation
11. Where does India rank in the world as regards water availability per person per annum ?
Answer :
133rd
12. Water scarcity is mainly associated with which area ?
Answer :
Areas of Low rainfall
13. What is the limit of available water scarcity of water ?
Answer :
1000 metre per cube per person per day
14. Expand MNC.
Answer :
Multinational corporations
15. Which sources make water polluted ?
Answer :
Industrial water, chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers.
16. Name two polluted rivers of India.
Answer :
Ganga and Yamuna.
👉 MCQs for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 - Water Resources
Very Short Answer Type Questions based on Multipurpose Projects
1. What were the sources of water in ancient periods in India ?
Answer :
Hydraulic structures, dams, reservoirs lakes and canals.
2. Name two multipurpose projects of India which help in integrated development.
Answer :
- Bhakra Nangal - water power ans irrigation
- Hirakund project - storage of water and flood control.
3. What did Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru remarked about multipurpose projects ?
Answer :
Temples of Modern India.
4. Name two social movements against big dams.
Answer :
- Narmada Bachao Andolan
- Tehri Dam Andolan
5. What has been the ill - effect of our irrigation ?
Answer :
Salinalisation of soils
6. What has been the effect of large irrigation projects ?
Answer :
Inter - state disputes
7. State three ill - effects of multipurpose projects.
Answer :
Earthquakes (Koyna), water born diseases and pollution.
8. Why did Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru proclaim the river dams as the temples of modern India ? Explain the main reason..
Answer :
Because these would control the destiny of people of India. These would provide Integrated development - Agriculture, irrigation, Industries, rural development, and Energy resources.
👉 Revision Notes for Class 10 Geography Chapter 3 - Water Resources
Very Short Answer Type Questions based on Rain Water Harvesting
1. How was water harvested in Ancient India ?
Answer :
By harvesting rain water, ground water, flood water, river water.
2. Name two structures built in hilly areas to harvest water.
Answer :
Guls and Kuls.
3. Name two rain water harvesting structures in Rajasthan.
Answer :
Khadins and Johads.
4. In which hilly state, Roof top rain water harvesting is used ?
Answer :
In Shillong in Meghalaya.
👉 CBSE Study Materials for Class 10
Short Answer Type Questions based on Water Resources and Scarcity
1. What do you mean by Hydrological cycle ?
Answer :
Hydrological Cycle - Water is in a constant state of movement in the atmosphere, oceans on the land. Water of the oceans is evaporated into the atmosphere. Most of it returns to the earth in the form of rain or snow. A part of it goes underground through percolation. A part of this water remains on the surface in the form of rivers and streams and is called run - off. Thus these rivers carry water from lithospehere to the oceans. The oceans return to the atmosphere by evaporation. This moisture is returned back to the earth by the process of precipitation. Thus there is a continuous exchange of water in a cyclic form of the ocean to the atmosphere and back to the ocean. This is known as Hydrological cycle or water cycle. This process interconnects the lithosphere, the hydrosphere and the atmosphere.
2. On what factors does the scarcity of water depend ?
Answer :
Scarcity of water is found in areas of low rainfall or drought prone araes. Such as Thar Desert. It depends upon :
- Low rainfall and drought.
- Over exploitation and excessive use of water.
- Unequal access to water.
3. Despite abundant of water, mainy areas suffer scarcity of water. Why ?
Answer :
Many areas suffer water scarcity due to the water shortage. It is due to low rainfall. Droughts also cause scarcity of water. Many areas suffer shortage of water due to variation of seasonal rainfall. Water scarcity occurs due to the great demand for large population.
4. Define the term water scarcity.
Answer :
Water shortage means water scarcity. According to the Falken Mark, a Swedish expert, "Water scarcity occurs when water availability is less than 1000 metre per cube per person per day."
5. What is the effect of over use of water for Agricultural development ?
Answer :
Water resources are being over exploited to get higher foodgrains production. Water is used to expand irrigated areas and dry season agriculture. This has resulted in falling ground water level. It has affected water availability.
6. What is the effect of industrialisation and urbanisation on water availability ?
Answer :
Intensive industrialisation has incraesed the demand for water. Water is used in industries. Industries need Hydel power which is obtained from water. Thus industries are a great user of water urban centres with large and dense population with urban life style have added to water resourcements.
7. How is water scarcity due to bad quality of water ?
Answer :
We still suffer from water scarcity. This scarcity may be due to bad quality of water. Much of water is polluted by domestic and industrial wastes, chemicals, pesticides, fertilizers. It makes it hazardous for human use.
8. What are the causes of pollution of river water ?
Answer :
India's rivers, especially the smaller ones, have all turned into toxic streams. And even the big ones like the Ganga and Yamuna are far from pure. The assault on India's rivers - from population growth, agricultural modernisation, urbanisation and industrialisation - is enormous and growing day by day. Thus entire life stands threatened.
9. Why should we conserve Water Resources ?
Answer :
You may have already realised that the need of the hour is to conserve and manage our water resources, to safeguard ourselves from health hazards, to ensure food security, continuation of our livelihoods and productive activities and also to prevent degradation of our natural ecosystems. Over exploitation and mismanagement of water resources will improverish this resource and cause ecological crisis that may have profound impact on our lives.
10. How can you contribute to save water ?
Answer :
We can contribute in the following ways :
- Sustainable use
- Water shed management
- Rainwater harvesting
- Efficient adopting irrigation system like drip irrigation.
11. Why do you think there is necessity for conservation of water resources ?
Answer :
Conservation of water resoures is a necessity due to the following reasons :
- To safeguard overselves from health hazards.
- To ensure food security.
- For continuation of our livelihoods.
- To prevent degradation of our natural ecosystem.
12. Which are the factors responsible for increasing water demand ?
Answer :
The following factors are responsible for water demand :
- Population growth
- Construction activities
- Lack of water management technology
- Urbanisation
- Industrialisation
13. Which factors are responsible for increasing "Water scarcity day-by-day" ?
Answer :
Factors responsible for increasing water scarcity are :
- Variation in seasonal rainfall
- Over - exploitation of water.
- Excessive use of water.
- Unequal access to water.
- Increasing demand due to growing population.
👉 NCERT Solution for Class 10 Hindi
Short Answer Type Questions based on Multipurpose Projects
1. What is a Dam ? Classify dams.
Answer :
A dam is barrier across the flowing water that obstructs, directs or retards the flow, often creating a reservoir, lake or impoundment. "Dam" refers to the reservoir rather than the structure. Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir over which or through which it is intended that water will flow either intermittently or continuously. Dams are classified accroding to (a) structure, (b) intended purpose or (c) height. (a) Based on structure and the materials used, dams are classified as (1) timber dams (2) embankment dams (3) masonry dams (4) According to height, dams can be categorised as (i) large dams and (ii) major dams or alternatively as (iii) low dams, (iv) medium height dams and (v) high dams.
2. Explain the ill - effects of Big dams.
Answer :
The big dams have mostly been unsuccessful in controlling floods at time of excessive rainfall. You may have seen or read how the release of water from dams during heavy rains aggravated the flood situation in Maharashtra and Gujrat in 2006. The floods have not only devastated life and property but have also caused extensive soil erosion. Sedimentation also meant that the flood plains were deprived of silt, a natural fertliser, further adding on to the problem of land degradation. It was also observed that the multipurpose projects induced earthquakes, caused water - borne diseases and pests and pollution resulting from excessive use of water.
3. 'Dams are referred to multipurpose Projects'. Give reasons.
Answer :
Dams provide many languages :
- They conserve and manage water.
- They provide water to irrigation.
- Dam provide electricity generation.
- They control floods.
- They provide recreation, fish breeding.
For example : Bhakra Nangal Dam in Sutlej, Beas river Basin and Hirakund dam in Mahanadi Basin.
👉 NCERT Solution for Class 10 Social Science
Short Answer Type Questions based on Rain Water Harvesting
1. How was water harvested in Ancient India with the help of different structures ?
Or
Describe any four traditional methods of rainwater harvesting adopted in different parts of India.
Answer :
People have knowledge of rainfall regions and soil types and techniques to harvest rain water, groundwater, river water and flood water in keeping with the local ecological conditions and their water needs. In hill and mountainuous regions, people built diversion channels like the 'guls' and 'kuls' of the Western Himalayas for agriculture. 'Roof top rain water harvesting' was commonly practised to store drinking water, particularly in Rajasthan. In the flood plains of Bengal, people developed inundation channels to irrigate their fields. In arid and semi - arid regions, agricultural fields were converted into rain fed storage structures that allowed the water to stand up and moisten the soil like the 'Khadins' in Jaisalmer and Johads and Tanks in other parts of Rajasthan.
2. Describe the roof top rainwater harvesting in Meghalaya.
Answer :
Roof top rain water harvesting is the most common practice in Shillong, Meghalaya. It is interesting because Cherrapunji and Mawsynram situated at a distance of 55 km. from Shillong receive the highest rainfall in the world, yet the state capital Shillong faces acute shortage of water. Nearly every household in the city has a roof top rain water harvesting structure. Nearly 15 - 25 per cent of the total water requirement of the household comes from roof top water harvesting.
👉 Revision Notes for Class 10 Social Science
Long Answer Type Questions
1. Describe the various Hydraulic structures built in Ancient India.
Answer :
Hydraulic structures in Ancient India :
- In the first century BC, Sringaverapura near Allahabad had sophisticated water harvesting system channeling the flood water of Ganga.
- During the time of Chandragupta Maurya , dams, lakes and irrigation systems were extensively built.
- Evidences of sophisticated irrigation works have also found in Kalinga, (Orissa), Nagarjunakonda (Andhra Pradesh), Bennur (Karnatka), Kolhapur (Maharashtra), etc.
- In the 11th century, Bhopal Lake, one of the largest artificial lakes of its time was built.
- In the 14th century, the tank in Hauz Khas, Delhi was constructed by Illtutmish for supplying water to Siri Fort Area.
2. Describe the Narmada Bachao and Tehri Andolans.
Answer :
Multi - purpose projects and large dams have also been the cause of many new social movements like the 'Narmada Bachao Andolan' and the 'Tehri Dam Andolan' etc. Resistance of these projects has primarily been due to the large - scale displacement of local communities. The local people often had to give up their land and livelihood and their meagre access and control over resources for the greater good of the nation.
Narmada Bachao Andolan or save Narmada Movement is a Non Governmental Organisation (NGO) that mobilised tribal people, farmers, environmentalists and human right activists against the Sardar Sarovar Dam being built across the Narmada river in Gujrat. It originally focused on the environmental issues related to trees that would be submerged under the dam water. Recently it has re - focused the aim to enable the poor citizens, especially the oustees (displaced people) to get the full rehabilitation facilities from the government.
3. What have been the ill -effects of irrigation ?
Answer :
Irrigation has also changed the cropping pattern of many regions with farmers shifting to water intensive and commercial crops. This has great ecological consequences like salinisation of the soil. At the same time, it has transformed the social landscape i.e. increasing social gap between the richer landowners and the landless poor. As we can see, the dams did create conflicts between people wanting different uses and benefits from the same water resources. In Gujrat, the Sabarmati - basin farmers were agitated and almost caused a riot over the higher priority given to water supply in urban areas, particularly during droughts. Inter - state water disputes are also becoming common with regard to sharing the costs and benefits of the multipurpose project.
The Krishna - Godavri dispute is due to objections raised by Karnatka and Andhra Pradesh regarding the diversion of more water at Koyna by the Maharashtra government for hydro - electric project and other irrigation works as this would reduce downstream flow in their states with adverse consequences for agriculture and industry.
4. Describe the Tankas structure used in Rajasthan for rain water harvesting.
Answer :
In the semi - arid and arid regions of Rajasthan, particularly in Bikaner, Phalodi and Barmer, almost all the houses traditionally had undergrounf tanks or 'tankas' for storing drinking water. The tanks could be as large as a big room; one household in Phalodi had a tank that was 6.1 metres deep, 4.27 metres long and 2.44 metres wide. The tankas were part of the well-developed rooftop rainwater harvesting system and were built inside the main house or the courtyard. They were connected to the sloping roofs of the houses through a pipe. Rain falling on the rooftops would travel down the pipe and was stored in these underground 'tankas'. The first spell of rain was usually not collected as this clean the roofs and the pipes. The rainwater from the subsequent showers was then collected.
The rainwater can be stored in the tankas for three to five years making it an extremely reliable source of drinking water when all other sources of water have dried up, particularly in the summers. Rainwater, or 'Palar Pani' as commonly referred to in these parts, is considered the purest form of natural water, and often the stored water would be given to sick people. Many houses constructed underground rooms adjoining the Tankas to beat the summer heat as it would keep the room cool.
5. Why is rooftop rain water harvesting declining in Rajasthan ? What do you know about Gendathur System ?
Answer :
Today, in Rajasthan, sadly the practice of roof top rainwater harvesting is on the decline as plenty of water is available due to the parennial Rajasthan, Canal, through some houses still maintain the tankas since they do not like the taste of tap water. Fortunately, in many parts of rural and urban India, rooftop rain water harvesting is being successfully adapted to store and conserve water. In Gendathur, a remote backward village in Mysore, Karnatka, villagers have installed in their households rooftop rainwater harvesting system to meet their growing water needs. Nearly 200 households have installed this system and the village has earned the rare distinction of being rich in rainwater. Gendathur receives an annual precipitation of 1,000 mm, and with 80 per cent of collection efficiency and of about 10 fillings, every house can collect and use about 50,000 litre of water annually. From the 20 houses the net amount of rain water harvested annually amount to 100,00 litres.