Notes can help you in revising the whole chapter in less time. If exams are near or you have class test next day then you can easily understand all the important points and concepts through notes made by our subject - expert teacher at Textual Solution. We have divided the Revision Notes in three section - Chapter At A Glance, Important Terms & Their Explanation and Important Dates And Events of History Class 10 Ch 4 - The Age Of Industrialisation.
Chapter At A Glance
- Industrialisation is often associated with the growth of factory industry.
- Before the emergence of factories, goods were produced within family farms. Urban merchants in Britain used to go to villages, give money to peasants and artisans and persuade them to produce for an international market.
- Although factories in England began to emerge by the 1730s, yet the number of factories multiplied only in the late eighteenth century.
- Several inventions took place in the eighteenth century. They increased the efficiency of the production process in factory.
- Cotton, Iron and steel were the most dynamic industries in Britain out of the two, cotton led in the first phase of industrialisation upto 1840s.
- There was no shortage of human labour in Britain in Victorian Age. So industrialists were reluctant to introduce machines in their factories. It resulted in exploitation of labourers.
- The East India Company secured variety of concessions from local courts to monopolise rights of trade in India.
- As cotton industries developed in England, industrial groups pressurized the government to impose import duities on cotton textiles so that Manchester goods could sell in Britain without facing any competition from outside. They also persuaded the East India Company to sell British manufactures in Indian markets. It was a major set back to Indian textile industry.
- Factories began to come up in India in the late 1900s. These were set up in different regions of the country by different types of people. With the expansion of factories , demand of workers increased.
- During the Swadeshi Movement, nationalists exhorted people to boycott foreign cloth.
Important Terms & Their Explanation
- Orient : The countries to the east of the Mediterranean, usually referring to Asia. The term arises out of a Western view - point that sees this region as pre - modern, traditional and mysterious.
- Proto : Indicating the first or early form of something.
- Stapler : A person who 'staples' or sorts wool according to its fibre.
- Fuller : A person who 'fulls' - that is, gathers cloth by pleating.
- Carding : The process in which fibres, such as cotton or wool, are prepared prior to spinning.
- Spinning Jenny : Devised by James Hargreaves in 1764, this machine speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand. By turning one single wheel a worker could set in motion a number of spindles and spin several threads at the same time.
- Sepoy : This is how the British pronounced the word sipahi, meaning an Indian soldier in the service of the British.
- Fly shuttle : It is a mechanical device used for weaving, moved by means of ropes and pullies. It places the horizontal threads (called the weft) into the verticle threads (called the warp). The invention of the fly shuttle made it possible for weavers to operate large looms nd weave wide pieces of cloth.
Important Dates And Events
- 1730s : The earliest factories in England come up.
- 1781 : James Watt improves the steam engine produced by Newcomen and patents the new engine.
- 1854 : The first cotton mill in Mumbai was established.
- 1855 : The first jute mill was set up in Bengal.
- 1874 : The first spinning and weaving mill of Chennai begins production.
- 1917 : Seth Hukam Chand sets up first Indian jute mill in Kolkata.