NCERT Solution for Class 10 Geography (Social Science) Chapter 4 - Agriculture
Exercises, Page - 46
1. Multiple choice questions.
(i) Which one of the following describes a system of agriculture where a single crop is grown on a large area ?
(a) Shifting Agriculture
(b) Plantation Agriculture
(c) Horticulture
(d) Intensive Agriculture
Answer: (b) Plantation Agriculture
(ii) Which one of the following is a rabi crop ?
(a) Rice (b) Gram
(c) Millets (d) Cotton
Answer: (b) Gram
(iii) Which one of the following is a leguminous crop ?
(a) Pulses (c) Millets
(b) Jawar (d) Sesamum
Answer: (a) Pulses
2. Answer the following questions in 30 words.
(i) Name one important beverage crop and specify the geographical conditions required for its growth.
Answer:
Tea is a beverage crop.
Geographical conditions of growth :
- It grows well in tropical and sub-tropical climate.
- It needs 20°-30℃ temperature and annual rainfall of 150 cms.
- It needs a frost free climate.
- It needs deep, fertile well drained soils and slopes.
- Tea is a labour - intensive crop; requiring cheap, abundant labour.
(ii) Name one staple crop of India and the regions where it is produced.
Answer:
Rice is the staple crop of India. Rice is grown in :
- Plains of Ganga and Brahmaputra.
- Coastal plains on the east.
- Western coastal plains.
- Deltas on the East coast.
(iii) Enlist the various institutional reform programmes introduced by the government in the interest of farmers.
Answer:
- Abolition of Zamindari and Jagirdari.
- Land holding ceiling.
- Consolidition of land holdings.
- Credit reforms.
- Farmers rights.
(iv) The land under cultivation has got reduced day by day. Can you imagine its consequences ?
Answer:
There has been a gradual shift from cultivation of food crops to cultivation of fruits, vegetables and oil seeds. This has resulted in the reduction of net sown area for food crops. The competition for land between non-agricultural uses such as housing etc and agriculture has resulted in reduction in net sown area.
3. Answer the following questions in about 120 words.
(i) Sugest the initiative taken by the government to ensure the increases in agricultural production.
Answer:
The government has taken the following steps to increase the agricultural production :
- HYV seeds have been introduced.
- Fertilizers are being used on a large scale.
- Intensive agriculture in irrigated areas has been encouraged.
- Green Revolution techniques have been introduced.
- Primitive methods have been replaced by machines.
- Agricultural reforms like crop insurance, co-operatives, Kissan credit card, announcement of minimum support prices.
(ii) Describe the impact of globalisation on Indian agriculture.
Answer:
Globalisation is not a new phenomenon. It was there at the time of colonisation. In the nineteenth century, when European traders came to India, at that time too, Indian species were exported to different countries of the world and farmers of South India were encouraged to grow these crops. Till Today, it is one of the important items of export from India. Under globalisation, particularly after 1990, the farmers in India have been exposed to new challenges. Despite begin an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee, jute and spices, our agricultural products are not able to compete with the developed countries because of the highly subsidised agriculture in those countries. Today, Indian agriculture finds itself at the crossroads. To make agriculture successful and profutable, proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers.
(iii) Describe the geographical conditions required for the growth of rice.
Answer:
Rice is a tropical crop. It thrives well in hot and humid climate. It is essentially a Kharif crop in India. It recovers high temperature about 25℃ and annual rainfall above 100 cms. In areas of less rainfall it is grown with the help of irrigation. It is grown in alluvial soils of coastal areas, southern plains and deltas. It requires cheap and abudant labour.